The SERRS-NPs were redispersed in a solution of 850 l 100% ethanol, 100 l (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (3-MPTMS) and 50 l deionized water, and warmed in a 70C water bath for about two hours. of the SERRS-NP transmission accurately discriminated high- versus low-expressing surface markers between tumors, and between different areas within tumors. Conclusion: Biopsies can be highly invasive procedures and provide a limited sample of molecular expression within a tumor. Our nanoparticle-based Raman imaging approach offers the potential to provide noninvasive and more comprehensive molecular imaging and an alternative to the current clinical gold standard of immunohistochemistry. Cell surface receptors, especially those that can serve as targets for therapeutic brokers, can be used to identify clinically significant tumor variations; one SKLB1002 such example is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which controls cell growth. EGFR has gained much attention as a clinical marker in GBMs and other cancers due to its reported correlation with survival and response to treatment 15-19. Aberrant expression of EGFR is usually observed in up to 60% of GBMs and prospects to unrestrained cell growth and replication, as well as an increase in the cancer’s aggressive potential. Receptor aberrancy is usually SKLB1002 driven by abnormal gene amplification, receptor mutation (in particular the extracellular vIII domain name), or both 18. HER2 is usually a highly relevant surface SKLB1002 marker in certain types of breast malignancy, as it promotes cell proliferation; it is overexpressed in 25-30% of breast cancers 20 and is associated with a higher risk for brain metastasis and poor prognosis. Clinical outcomes, however, can be improved through targeted therapy with Trastuzumab, Trastuzumab-Pertuzumab, and Ado-Trastuzumab-Emtansine (T-DM1) 20-23. Hence, evaluation of the HER2 expression status, assessed chiefly by immunohistochemistry (IHC), is usually fundamental for patients with breast malignancy. Intratumoral heterogeneity and the degree of a surface marker’s expression are thought to underlie the considerable therapy resistance and recurrence rate of GBMs and breast malignancy 11, 24. However, assessing intratumoral heterogeneity and its effect on the therapeutic response is clinically challenging because biopsies are complex and invasive procedures, especially in the setting of intracranial (i.c.) tumors, and sample only a subset of the tumor’s overall composition. In addition, a significant proportion of histologically assessed GBMs samples are at risk of being under-graded 25 and the evaluation of the HER2 expression in breast cancers is often subject to equivocal results 26, which may complicate treatment decisions and negatively impact prognosis. Considering the limitations of biopsies 25-29, it is imperative to develop molecular imaging methods that can serve as a minimally invasive alternative with the capacity to visualize the tumor’s entire landscape over time. The relevance of these methods is further spotlighted as new molecular targets emerge, offering personalized treatment options. Consequently, it would be valuable to develop non-invasive imaging modalities Rabbit polyclonal to ADI1 that can take advantage of novel molecular targets to determine the initial tumor composition and progression of tumor growth following treatment (e.g., chemo- or radiotherapy) 6-8, 30. A minimally invasive molecular imaging method can mitigate many of the risks associated with SKLB1002 biopsies while enabling extensive and frequent tumor assessment. Optical spectroscopy using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is usually a powerful technique with many applications in chemical detection and medical imaging 31. The use of surface-enhanced resonance Raman nanoparticles (SERRS-NPs) for clinical diagnostics has gained much attention recently 32-35, especially given the newer methodologies that allow minimally.
